History of Photography
Long before the first
photographs were made, Ibn al-Haytham Alhazen, 965–1040
invented the camera obscura and the pinhole camera.
Images
have been projected onto surfaces for centuries.
David Hockney
has proven that some artists used the camera obscura and
camera lucida to create paintings as early as the 16th century.
These early cameras projected images from an opening in
the wall of a darkened room onto a surface and turning the
room into a large pinhole camera.
Fine art photography
Fine art photography stands in contrast to commercial
photography and photojournalism.
Visual Arts
The visual arts focus on the creation of works which are
visual. Three dimensional objects or works, sculpture and
architecture, are called plastic arts.
Art photography
is the process of making pictures or artworks onto a sensitive
medium or storage chip.
The product of photography is
called a picture or a photograph and the term photo is an
abbreviation. In digital photography is the term image often
used.
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The Photographers Gallery, London |
Famous photographers
Oscar Gustave Rejlander, 1813 – 1875,
Victorian fine art photographer.
Ansel
Easton Adams, 1902 - 1984, american, known for his black
and white photographs of the American West.
Robert
Capa, 1913 - 1954, combat photographer who covered five
wars.
Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1908 - 2004, French photographer
and the father of modern photojournalism.
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre, 1787 - 1851, French
artist and chemist and invented the daguerreotype process
of photography.
Alberto
Korda, 1928 - 2001, Cuban photographer and famous for
his photo of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara.
Dorothea
Lange, 1895 - 1965, American documentary photographer
and photojournalist.
Elizabeth
Lee Miller, 1907 - 1977, American photographer.
Nadar, Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820 - 1910, French
photographer, caricaturist, journalist, novelist and balloonist.
Helmut
Newton, 1920 - 2004, German-Australian fashion photographer
famous for his nude studies of women.
Irving
Penn, born 1917, American photographer known for his
portraiture and fashion photography. |
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A Study of the Cenci, Julia Margaret Cameron, 1868. |
Julia Margaret Cameron, 1815
– 26, British photographer. She became known for her legendary
themed pictures and portraits of celebrities of the time.
She take up photography at the age of 48 after she was
given a camera as a present. Her work had a huge impact
on the development of modern photography. Her house on the
Isle of Wight, Dimbola Lodge, can still be visited.
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Julia Margaret Cameron
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Dimbola Lodge
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George Eastman House,
collection on line.
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Yann Arthus-Bertrand is a internationally
recognised French photographer specialised in animal photography
and aerial photography of subjects in many locations across
the world. Yann Arthus-Bertrand's work has often been published
in the National Geographic magazine and he has produced
over 60 books.
Yann Arthus-Bertrand's work have both
political and aesthetic connotations. His artworks have
been exhibited all over the world.
Yann Arthus-Bertrand
founded in 1991 the Altitude Agency in Paris, a photographic
library that specializes in aerial photography.
Arthus-Bertrand
is a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts de l'Institut
de France.
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Yann Arthus-Bertrand
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Earth
From The Air
GoodPlanet is a non-profit organization created
and chaired by Yann Arthus-Bertrand whose aim is
to heighten public awareness of our world’s issues and promote
sustainable development
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GoodPlanet
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6 Billion Others,
a Yann Arthus-Bertrand project
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View from the Window at Le Gras, Nicéphore Niépce, 1826,
Saint-Loup-de-Varennes. |
Early History of Photography
Nicéphore Niépce's earliest surviving photograph from c.
1826 required an eight-hour exposure.
Working in conjunction
with Louis Daguerre they experimented with silver compounds.
Niépce died in 1833 but Daguerre continued the work with
the development of the daguerreotype in 1837.
Hercules
Florence had already created a very similar process in 1832.
William Fox Talbot had discovered means to fix a silver
process image and had invented the calotype process which
creates negative images.
John Herschel invented the
cyanotype process, blueprint, and he was the first to use
the terms "photography", "negative" and "positive".
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Nicéphore Niépce |
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J.D. 'Okhai Ojeikere,
Headgear Series, Documenta, Kassel,
2007 |
The earliest evidence of images.
Rock carvings
are found around the world and are associated with prehistoric
cultures.
The oldest rock carvings found are dated to
the Neolithic and Paleolithic time, about 10.000 to 12.000
years ago.
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Rock Carvings Tanum - World
Heritage |
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